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Question: Discuss about the Concept of the non market risks. Answer: Introduction The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility has gained much prominence in the recent times. This is the result of the growing environmental focus of the world and also of the various business organizations of the present times (Johanisova, Crabtree and Fra?kov 2013). Furthermore, most of the people in the present times are of the opinion that the various business organizations should make a positive contribution towards the planet and the environment from which they derive the resources for their business (Johanisova, Crabtree and Fra?kov 2013). Therefore, in the present times with the rise of the concept of the corporate social responsibility the various business ethics have also gained prominence at the same time (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). The primary focus of the business organizations to enhance their annual profits and therefore they often end up taking the help of various kinds of unethical strategies in a bid to increase the amount of profit gained by them (Servaes and Tama yo 2013). Thus, it would be fair that the amount of risk which the various business organizations face in the present times has also increased considerably (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). One of the major kinds of risks which the organizations face in the recent times is the non market risks (Johanisova, Crabtree and Fra?kov 2013). This report will discuss about the non market risks in the genre of business through the lens of the business organization PepsiCo, Inc.. PepsiCo, Inc. The company PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the largest beverage manufacturing companies of the world (Pepsico.com. 2018). The company was founded in the year 1898 by Caleb Bradham in the United States of America (Pepsico.com. 2018). The business organization is an American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York (Pepsico.com. 2018). Furthermore, the business organization takes active interest in the manufacture as well as the sale of various kinds of beverages, snacks and other related products (Pepsico.com. 2018). The present day PepsiCo Inc. was formed in the year 1965 through the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc (Pepsico.com. 2018). It is interesting to note that since then the organization has expanded in a significant manner not only in terms of the number of the nations of the world in which it is operational at the present moment but also it has incorporated a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which included an acquisition of Tropicana Products in 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio (Pepsico.com. 2018). The business organization is operational in more than 200 different nations of the world and is currently the 30th largest business organization of the world in terms of the net revenue gained by it (Forbes.com. 2018). In the opinion of many people the real success of the concerned company began with the effective leadership of Indra Nooyi in the last decade of the 20th century (Valente, 2018). The ethical decisions taken by her like the removal of the unhealthy products from the menu list and the restructuring of the organization have been much appreciated by the various customers from the diverse part of the world. Non market risks faced by the company Risks are defined as the situations in which a particular person or a business organization stands to gain or lose something of value (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). The advent of globalization and with the changes in the fields of technology and innovations the business world has undergone a rapid transformation in the present times (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Thus, the various organizations are often involved in situations or business ventures which involves a considerable amount of risk (Kontogianni, Papageorgiou and Tourkolias 2012). In the present times there are several kinds of risks which the various business organizations are subjected to on the score of various factors. The most common risks faced by the various organizations in the present times are the financial risks, operational risks, market risks, reputational risks, systematic risks and others (Kontogianni, Papageorgiou and Tourkolias 2012). However, in the recent times a new type of risks which most of t he business organizations need to take into consideration is the non market risks (Kontogianni, Papageorgiou and Tourkolias 2012). The non market risks are the risks which the various companies faces on the score of the ethics as well as the corporate social responsibility policies as well as principles followed by the various business organizations (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). In the present times with the rise of the concept of corporate social responsibility and the awareness for the environment the focus of the majority of the business organizations should be on the environmental factor (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). Therefore, it is often seen that to create value for the environment the various business organization often end up making strategies which hurts the prospects of the concerned business organization in a negative manner (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). Thus, it can be said that in addition to the various other kinds of risks faced by the various busin ess organizations the non market risks faced by the various organizations has grown in a significant manner (Doh, Lawton and Rajwani 2012). For example, the company McDonalds taking into consideration the health requirements of the various customers and the growing number of diseases faced by the various people of world decided to remove the unhealthy food products from their menu and even to use healthy ingredients for the preparation of the food products offered by them to the customers (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). Therefore, this particular strategy of the concerned business organization is susceptible to a certain amount of risk and can even hurt the prospects of the concerned organization in an adverse manner (Doh, Lawton and Rajwani 2012). PepsiCo and non market risks Leadership is one of the most important parts of the management process and it is usually seen that the various organizations take the help of the various kinds of leaders in order to further enhance the prospects of their organization (Doh, Lawton and Rajwani 2012). Thus, the various organizations need to take the help of various kinds of effective for the purpose of the management of their business operations(McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). In the opinion of many people, the real growth of the business organization under discussion here began with the leadership of its current CEO Indra Nooyi (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). It is significant to note Nooyi right after taking over the reins of the organization segregated the products offered by the concerned organization into three groups, namely, fun for you (such as potato chips and regular soda), better for you (diet or low-fat versions of snacks and sodas), and good for you (items such as oatmeal). Her initiative was backed up with ample funding (Pepsico.com. 2018). It is significant to note that irrespective of the annual income of an individual the concerned individual ends up consuming about 1800-2000 calories daily and it is a reflection of this particular fact that the people of the world currently are at high risks in terms of their number of diseases which they face. Thus, it is seen that the world currently is suffering from a higher number of diseases than it used to face a number of decades of ago. Furthermore, the production of these products at a faster rate has also raised a lot of concern on the ecological perspective and it is a reflection of this particular factor that the environmental activists are increasingly protesting against the manufacture of these products. Furthermore, the high consumption rate of these products has also increased the monthly expenditure of the individuals in a significant manner which is another cause of concern for the people. In addition to this, she also r emoved all the unhealthy products offered by the concerned organization to the various customers related to the organization. For example, she moved corporate spending away from junk foods and into the healthier alternatives, with the aim of improving the healthiness of even the fun offerings (Pepsico.com. 2018). It is a reflection of this particular aspect that she removed aspartame from Diet Pepsi, furthering the shift towards healthier foods, despite lack of evidence of aspartame's harmful effects. Furthermore, she also intended to develop a line of snacks marketed specifically for women, feeling that it is a hitherto unexplored category (Pepsico.com. 2018). Therefore, it would be apt to say that all these strategies used by Nooyi entailed with a certain amount of risk and threatened to hamper the prospects of the concerned organization in a negative manner (Valente, 2018). It is significant to note that these decisions were made by Nooyi taking into consideration the rising heal th awareness of the people from all over the globe and also the increasing number of diseases and also obesity problems which the majority of the population of the world is facing at the present moment (Valente, 2018). Thus, this particular decision of Nooyi was not only criticized by the various people from outside the organization but also by the people who were related to the organization. Non market risks and opportunities In the opinion of many people every risk entails with it various kinds of opportunities (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). For example, the decision taken by the company PepsiCo Inc. is a very debatable one and was thus criticized by the various people (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). It would not be to unfair to say that this particular decision entailed with a certain amount of risk and might have affected the prospects of the organization as well as the profit margin in an adverse manner (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). However, as already mentioned this particular decision was taken by the company taking into consideration the health problems faced by the people and also the increasing number of diseases which the various people from all over the world are facing at the present moment (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). However, the decision entailed with it various kinds of opportunities as well. It is significant to note that there are very few companies in the world which take into consideration the health factor of the customers and offers healthy products to the customers (Tai and Chuang 2014). Therefore, it can be said that this particular decision of the company not only enhanced the brand image of the concerned company as the one which takes into consideration the health requirements of the customers but also helped it gain the respects as well as loyalty of the various customers who opt for the products and services offered by the company (Tai and Chuang 2014). It is a reflection of this the company PepsiCo Inc continues to be one of the leading business organizations of the world and the net revenue earned by the company for the year 2017 was an impressive $18.2 Billion (Forbes.com. 2018). Therefore, it can be said the effective utilization of the opportunities provided by the non market risks which the company faced in the last decades of the 20th century and the early part of the 21st century lead to the overall growth as well as the development of th e concerned business organization in a significant manner (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). Thus, it can be said that the strategies used by the company for the mitigation of the non market risks faced by it was a very effective one and helps it grow and earn more amount of profit than its competitors even in the present times (Aebi, Sabato and Schmid 2012). Conclusion To conclude, the non market business risk has gained a considerable amount of significance within the framework of the modern business world and it affects the majority of the business organizations. Therefore, the various organizations take the help of effective mitigation strategies for the mitigation of the risks faced by them. The non market risks which the various organizations face presents various kinds of opportunities to the organization and which if effectively utilized can further the prospects of the organization in a significant manner. The various non market risks faced by the various organizations in the present times are a reflection of the diverse corporate social responsibility policies as well as principles followed by them. References Aebi, V., Sabato, G. and Schmid, M., 2012. Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,36(12), pp.3213-3226. Cardona, O.D., 2013. 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